Malay-Indonesian Sanskrit Roots
Sanskrit Loan Words in Indonesian / Malaysian
Maintained by Doug Cooper at CRCL
Back to Sanskrit Roots in Indonesian - Malay page
These data are derived from:
Casparis, J.G. de, 1997, Sanskrit loan-words in Indonesian: An annotated check-list of words from Sanskrit in Indonesian and Traditional Malay,
with additions and comments from:
Mahdi, Waruno, 2000, Review of J.G. de Casparis.
Numbers in parentheses following Sanskrit are Monier-Williams page references.

Sorted by Indonesian/Malaysian (first column).

(se)bentarat onceavantara (? 107.1)in-between 12
a(ng)kasaskyàkà÷a (126.3)id.
abrakmicaabhra(ka) (79.3)id
acaraprogram, agendaàcàra (131.3)tradition [G. 185]
adakalasometimeskàla (277.1)time [--/Skr]
adibeginningàdi (136.3)id.
*adicitaideologyàdi (136.3)
citta (395.3)
beginning +
thought
adikara(having) authorityadhikàra (20.3)authority
adikodratsupernaturalàdi (136.3)beginning [Skr/Ar]
*adikuasasuperpoweràdi (136.3)
va÷a (929.2)
beginning +
power [see kuasa]
*adimargaboulevardàdi (136.3)
màrga (812.2)
beginning +
road
adiningratfirst of the worldàdi (136.3)first [Skr/--] (title)
adipatigovernoradhipati (21.21)king
adirajaroyal by descentadhiràja (21.3)
àdiràja (137.1)
king or
first king
adiratnajewel, beautifulàdi (136.3)
ratna (864.2)
first +
jewel
adiwarnaglowing with colouradhi (20.2)
varõa (924.2)
above +
colour
agamareligionàgama (129.3)doctrine, inspired religious) text, especially in Saivism
ajaonly, see s.v. saja
akhirulkataconclusionkathà (247.1)story [Ar/Skr]
aksaraletterakùara (3.2)id.
alpanegligencealpa (95.2)little
amatogether, see s.v. sama
ambeg paramaartaconcentrate on essentialsparamàrtha (588.3)highest truth
amertanectaramçta (82.2)id.
amramangoàmra (147.3)id.
ancalamountainacala (8.3)id.
andamusk glandaõóa (11.1)egg, musk bag
andakabanteng (bos Sundaicus)nandaka (526.3)name of a bull
AndomanHanumanhanumàn (1288.1)id.
anduwanfoot chainandu (44.3)id.
anekaall kinds ofaneka (42.2)id.
anekaragamvarious kindsaneka (42.2)
ràga (872.1)
several +
mode [via Tamil?]
anekawarnamulti-colouredanekavarõa (42.2)id.
anggotamemberaïga (7.3)limb, member 1
angkanumber, figureaïka (7.1)id.
angkarainsolence, cruelahamkara (124.2)self-consciousness, pride
angkasasee s.v. akasa
angkuselephant-goadanku÷a (7.2)id.
angsa (gangsa)goosehaüsa (1286.1)id.
angsanaPterocarpus Indica (tree)àsana (118.3)Terminalia Tomen Indica (tree)
angsokaSaraca Indiaa÷oka (113.3)Asoka (tree)
aniayaviolationanyàya (46.1)id.
anjangkaryaworking visitàj¤àkàrya ? (133.3)executing an order 2
antah-berantahdreamlandanta (42.3)? limit 3
*antakusumacloth made from several piecesanta (42.3)
kusuma (298.1)
limit +
flower
antarinter- (prefix)antar (43.2)id.
antara(in) betweenantara (43.3)id.
antarabangsainternationalantara (43.3)
vaü÷a (910.1)
between
nation
antariksaskyantarãkùa (44.1)id.
*antariksawanastronautantarãkùavant (44.1)sky + poss. suffix (Skr)
anugerah(royal) favouranugraha (32.1)id.
*anumertaposthumousanu (31.1)
mçta (827.2)
after +
dead 4
apabilawhenvelà (1018.2)time [--/Skr]
apakalawhenkàla (278.1)time [--/Skr]
apsarinymphapsaras (59.3)id.
arcaimagearcà (9.1)id.
ariaa high titleàrya (152.1)nobleman
arta (harta)propertyartha (90.2)id.
artawan (h-)richarthavàn (91.1)id.
artimeaningartha (90.2)id.
asahopeà÷à (157.1)id.
asmaralovesmara (1272.1)id.
aso (meng-)restà÷vàsa (159.2)taking a breath
asramahostelà÷rama (158.2)hermitage
asricharming÷rã (1098.2)beauty (with Indonesian prefix a-)
asta 1cubithasta (1294.3)hand, measure of length from elbow to tip of middle finger
asta 2eightaùña (116.2)id.
astagunaeightfoldaùñaguna (116.2)id.
astakaoctagonal benchaùñaka (117.2)eightfold
astaka (istana)palaceàsthàna (116.2)audience hall
astakonaoctagonaùñakoõa (116.2)id.
asusilaimmoralsu֋la (1237.2)virtuous (with Skr prefix a-)
atau (astwa)orathavà (17.3)id.
ba(ha)gianpartbhàgya (752.1)part, good fortune MW1
bacareadvacas (912.3)
vaca (912.2)
speech, singing, speaking 5
bada (tak berbada)speakvàda (939.3)speaking of
bagai(kan)likebhàga (751.2)share [Skr/--]
bagipart, forbhàgã (kç) (751.3)(to) divide
bagiasee s.v. bahagia
baginda(n)daMajestybhàgya (752.1)part, good fortune + Austronesian suffix
bahagiahappybhàgya (752.1)part, good fortune
bahar(a)load (200 kg)bhàra (753.1)load, weight
bahasalanguagebhàùà (755.3)id.
bahayadangerbhaya (747.1)fear, danger
bahnabecausevàhana (949.2)
bhàna (751.1)
vehicle 6
appearence
bahterashipvahitra (933.3)id.
bahuarm, shoulderbàhu (730.2)arm
bahureksaarm, ornamentbàhurakùa (730.3)armour for the upper arm
bahwathat (conj.)bhàva (754.1)being, state [G.494] 7
bahwasanyathat (conj.)bhàva (754.1)being, state + ?
baiduriopal (gem)vaidårya (1021.2)cat's eye (gem)
baktihomage, loyaltybhakti (743.1)devotion
balatenteraarmybala (722.3)
tantra (436.1)
force +
model, row
bangsanationvaü÷a (910.1)tribe, nation
bangsawannoblevaü÷a (910.1)tribe, nation + Skr suffix -vant
bangsiflutevaü÷i (910.3)id.
basasee s.v. bahasa
basa-basigood mannersbhàùàbhàùin (755.3)using (good) language [compound not attested in Skr]
basmidestroybhasmã-(kç) (750.3)reduce to ashes
bataragod, lordbhattara (745.2)id. 8
batarigoddessbhattara (745.2)fem. of bhattara, apparently not attested in Skr.
baureksasee s.v. bauureksa
bausatradictionarybahuֈstra (-ja) (726.1)(who knows) many books, probably reinterpreted as 'books of many (words)'
baya 1agevayas (920.2)id.
baya 2danger, see s.v. bahaya
bayangkaraguardbhayaükara (747.1)causing fear [via Jav?]
bayuwindvàyu (942.2)id.
bea (biaya)expense, coatsvyaya (1032.3)loss, expense
*beasiswascholarshipvyaya (1032.2)
÷iùya (1077.1)
expense +
pupil
bedadifferencebheda (766.1)split, difference
bedurisee baiduri
begawan (begawan)holybhagavàn (743.3)id.
bejanavesselbhàjana (752.1)id.
bela 1follow in deathvelà (1018.2)time, death
bela 2defendvelà (1018.2)time, death 9
belakamerelybàlaka (729.2)young [G. 274]
belanjaexpensevala¤ja (RDS 60)that which is spent [Sinh?] 10
belantarajunglevanàntara (918.2)(interior of a) forest
*belasungkawacondolencevelà (1018.2)time, death [Skr/--]? 11
beliayoungbàlya (729.3)childhood
benaextraordinarybhinna (757.1)split, distinct
bencanacalamityvà¤cana (914.2)deception
bendaobjectbhàõóa (752.2)goods
bendaharatreasurerbhàõóàgàra (752.3)treasure
bendorotreasurerbhàõóàgàra (752.3)treasure (Javanized form)
bentarasee bintara
berahipassionate lovevirahin (928.3)separated from one's beloved [G. 262]
berahmanabrahminbràhmaõa (742.1)id.
berajafalling starviràja (983.1)shinning
berhalaimage of a godbhaññàra (745.2)lord [via Prk] 13
beridaoldvçddha (1010.2)id.
beritanewsvçtta (1009.2)event [cf. warta]
*beritawanjournalistvçtta (1009.2)event + Skr suffix -vant [cf. wartawan]
bestariclevervistàrin (1001.3)extending 14
betievidencevyakti (1029.3)visible appearence
biaramonasteryvihàra (1003.3)id.
biarawanmonkvihàra (1003.3)monastery + Skr suffix -vant
biarawatinunvihàra (1003.3)Skr fem.
biasacommonabhyàsa (76.3)habit
biayasee bea
bicaraspeakvicàra (958.2)discussion
bidadarinymphvidyàdharã (964.1)id.
bidanmidwifevidvàn (864.3)nom. masc. of Skr vidvant, wise 15
bidaraZizyphus Jujuba (tree)badara (719.3)id.
biduansingervidvàn (?964.3)wise 16
bijakclevervicakùaõna (958.2)clever 17
bijaksanaclevervicakùaõna (958.2)id.
bijiseedbãja (732.3)id.
biksuBuddhist monkbhikùu (756.3)id.
bikuBuddhist monkbhikùu (756.3)id. [via Prk] 18
bilawhenvelà (1018.2)time, end
bilamanawhen?velà (1018.2)time, end [Skr/--]
bimasaktithe Milky Waybhãma (758.1)
÷akti (1044.2)
terrific, name of an epic hero +
power 19
*binaragaphysical exerciseràga (872.1)passion [Ar/Skr]
binasadestroyedvinà÷a (969.3)destruction
bindueight-year cyclebindhu (?731.2)drop
bintaranon-commissioned officerabhyantara (75.3)interior, middle
birahisee berahi
bisa 1poisonvisa (995.2)id.
bisa 2to be ablevisa (995.2)as bisa 1 20
brajaweaponvraja (913.1)thunderbolt
brotowalitree (Menispermum crispum)vçttaphala (1009.3)name of several kinds of tree
buanaworldbhuvana (760.3)id.
budayaculturebuddhi (733.3)
udaya (?186.1)
mind +
rise 21
budiintelligencebuddhi (733.3)mind
budidayaculture, see budaya
budimanwisebuddhiman (734.1)id. (nom. of buddhimant)
bujanggascholarbhujanga (? 759.2)snake 22
buktiproof.bhukti (759.3)enjoyment 23
bumiearthbhåmi (763.1)id.
bumiputranativebhåmiputra (763.2)id.
bupati'regent'bhåpati (761.2)king
busanabeautiful clothesbhåùaõa (764.2)ornament
cabaichilli peppercavi (391.2)Piper Chaba 24
cahayalightchàyà (406.1)shade
cakradiscuscakra (380.3)id.
cakrawalahorizoncakravàla (381.2)mythical mountain bordering the earth (Puranas)
candiancient Hindu or Buddhist monumentcaõói (383.2)name of Durga
candramooncandra (386.3)id.
candramawamysthical catcandra (386.3)moon + ? 25
candrasengkalachronogram in words or picturescandra (386.3)
÷akaàla (1045.3)
moon +
year of the Saka era 26
caraway, manneràcàra (131.3)conduct 27
carilook forcàri(n) (393.3)moving around
catur 1fourcatur (384.1)id.
catur 2chesscaturaïga (384.1)id.
*caturangkapfourfoldcatur (384.1)four [Skr/--]
*caturkembarquadrupletscatur (384.1)four [Skr/--]
cedana???clevercàõakya (392.1)name of a shrewd minister
cederaquarrel, disputechidra (406.3)cleft
celadefectchala (405.3)fraud 28
celakamishapchalaka (405.3)delusive MW2
celanatrouserscalanaka (391.2)short petticoat [or rather from Hindi?]
cemara 1Casuarina (tree)càmara (393.1)chowrie [G.150]
cemara 2tail of a yak (fan)càmara (388.2)id.
cempakaMichelia Champaka (tree)campaka (388.3)id.
cempalarash capala (388.2)moving to and fro
cenascarcihna (399.2)sign, mark
cenanggadeformitychinna (406.3)
aïga (7.3)
torn
limb [Skr/Skr]
cencala 1flycatcher (bird)ca¤cala (382.2)moving to and fro
cencala 2rashca¤cala (382.2)moving to and fro
cendalalow, outcastecaõóàla (383.3)id.
cendanasandal-woodcandana (386.2)id. cendekia
cenderasweetheartcandra (386.3)moon
cenderasamagic swordcandrahàsa (387.3)Ravana's sword
cenderawasihbird of paradisecandra (386.3)
vàsi(n) (947.3)
moon +
living [Skr/Skr]
cengkeramachit-chatcaïkrama (382.3)gallery around temple etc.
cengkerawakbulbul (bird)cakravàka (381.2)Anas Asarca
ceranasirih-dishcaraõa (389.2)foot etc. 29
cercaabuse, insultcarc- (root) (390.2)to abuse
ceriapure, spellcaryà (390.1)due observance 30
ceritastorycarita (389.1)id.
ceriterastorycaritra (390.1)deeds
cernahdigestedjãrõa (422.1)old, digested
cinabutaintermediarycihnabhåta (399.2)become a mark 31
cintalovecintà (398.1)thought, care
ciptacreatecitta (395.3)thought
cita-citaidealcitta (395.3)thought
citrapicturecitra (396.1)multi-coloured
cuciwash÷uci (1081.1)clean [cf. suci]
cukavinegarcukra (399.3)id.
culahorncålà (cåóà) (401.2)crest
curigasuspectchurikà (407.2)knife [via Prk]
dadihcurddadhi (468.1)id.
dahagathirstdàha (477.2)burning 32
daksinasouthdakùiõa (455.2)id.
*daluwarsaobsolescentvarùa (926.3)year [--/Skr]
danagift, fund.dàna (474.1)gift
*danasiswascholarshipdàna (474.1)
÷iùya (1077.1)
gift +
pupil
dantaivorydantra (468.2)id.
darmaduty [cf. derma]dharma (510.3)law, duty
*darmabaktisacred dutydharma (510.3)
bhakti (743.1)
law, duty +
devotion
*darmasiswa [cf. beasiswa, danasiswa]scholarshipdharma (510.3)
÷iùya (1077.1)
law, duty +
pupil
*darmawanita(office for) women's affairsdharma (510.3)
vanità (918.3)
law, duty +
wife, woman
*darmawisataexcursion (to cultural object)dharma (510.3)law, duty + ? 33
daru-daruUrandra Corniculata (tree)dàru (476.1)wood [G. 321]
dayapowerudaya ? (186.1)rise, success
delimapomegrenatedàlima (476.3)id. [G. 322]
dendafinedaõóa (466.2)punishment
dendamresentmentdaõóa (466.2)punishment 34
deritasufferdhàrita (515.2)held, tolerated
dermadonationdharma (510.3)id. [G. passim]
dermagaplatformmàrga (812.2)road [--/Skr]
desavillagede÷a (496.2)region
devtatadeitydevatà (495.3)id.
dewagoddeva (492.2)id.
dewadarudeodar (tree)devadàru (492.3)id.
dewasatime, adultdivasa (478.3)day
dewigoddessdevã (496.1)id.
digjayainvincibledigjaya (480.1)world conquest
dina(-hina)miserabledãna (480.3)
hãna (1296.2)
miserable +
abandoned [Skr/Skr]
dirgahayulong live ....!dãrghàyus (482.3)long-living
dirgantaraspacedigantara (480.1)id.
dormagitatordrona (503.1)Drona (name of the teacher of the Kauravas)
dosasindoùa (498.2)id.
dukasorrowduhkha (483.2)id.
*dukaceritasad storyduhkha (483.2)
carita (389.3)
sorrow +
story
*dukacitasorrowduhkha (483.2)
citta (395.3)
sorrow +
thought 35 MW3
* dukanestapagriefduhkha (483.2)
manastapa (784.1)
sorrow +
anguish
dulidustdhåli (518.3)id.
dupaincensedhåpa (517.3)id.
durhakatraitordrohaka (502.3)id.
durjanacriminaldurjana (485.2)evil person
dursilawickedduhsãla (483.1)ill-behaved
dustaliedusta (483.3)wicked
dutaenvoydåta (489.1)id.
dwi-two, doubledvi- (504.3)id. (in comp.)
*dwibahasabilingualdvi- (504.3)
bhàsà (755.3)
two +
language
*dwifungsidual functiondvi- (504.3)two [Skr/--]
*dwigandaduplicatedvi- (504.3)
ganda (344.1)
two +
cheek
*dwilombadouble matchdvi- (504.3)two [Skr/--]
*dwipekanfortnightlydvi- (504.3)two [Skr/--]
*dwitunggaltwo in onedvi- (504.3)two [Skr/--]
dwiwarnatwo-coloureddvivarna (505.3)id.
ekaoneeka (227.3)id.
*ekabahasaunilingualeka (227.3)
bhàsà (775.3)
one +
language
ekamatraone-dimensionalekamàntra (229.1)id.
ekasilasingle principleeka֋la (229.3)of the same nature
embarawanderingdigambara (83.2)(Jain) wandering mendicant
ertimeaningartha (90.2)id.
esaone, onlyã÷a (171.1)lord, iva
gadaclubgada (344.2)id.
gaharufragrant woodagharu (4.3)id.
gajahelephantgaja (nom. gajaþ) (342.1)id.
galaresingala (350.3)id.
galuhgemgalu (L) (351.1)(sort of) gem.
gandadoubleganda ? (344.1)cheek 36
gandapuraplant (Abelmoschus Moschatus)gaõóha (345.1)
påra ? (641.3)
fragrance +
gandariaplant (Boeia Macrophylla)gandha ? (345.1)fragrance + ?
gandarusaplant (Justicia Gendarussa)gandha ? (345.1)fragrance [Skr/--]
gandastorikind of sweetgandha (345.1)fragrance [Skr/--]
gandasuliplant (Hedichium sp.)gandha (345.1)fragrance [Skr/--]
gandewabowgaõóãva (353.2)Arjuna's bow [G. 88]
gandolaBasella rubragaõóola (344.2)raw sugar
gangsabronzekamùa (241.1)brass [G. 382]
gapuragatewaygopura (365.3)id.
garudaeaglegaruóa (348.3)id.
gatrasyntagmagàtra (352.1)limb
gembalashepherdgopàla (365.2)id.
gembiracheerfulgambhãra (346.3)deep [G. 320, 552, 630] 37
gempaearthquakekampa (252.3)id. via Prk?
gempitanoisykampita (252.3)trembling
gendalaobstaclekandala ? (249.3)portent 38
gendiwater-pitcherkuõói (289.3)id. (cf. kundi)
gentabellghaõñà (375.3)id.
gergajisawkrakaca (318.3)id.
gerhanaeclipsegrahaõa (372.2)id.
girimountaingiri (355.2)id.
gitasonggãta (356.1)id.
guacaveguha (360.2)id.
gulasugargula (360.1)id.
gulanamelancholyglàna (374.3)wearied
gunautilityguõa (357.1)quality, use
gunawanvirtuousguõavàn (357.3)id.
guruteacherguru (359.2)id.
gustilordgoùñhã ? (367.2)assembly, guild 39
hargapriceargha (89.3)value, price 40
hartapropertyartha (90.2)object, property etc.
hartawanricharthavàn (91.1)id.
hastacubithasta (1294.3)hand, arm
hattathenatha (17.3)id. [G. 379]
hinalow, despicablehãna (1296.2)id.
hina-dinamiserablehãna (1296.2)
dãna (480.3)
low +
wretched
Indera 1Indra (god)indra (166.1)id.
indera 2 (the five) sensesindriya (167.2)id. cf. panca-indera
inderi(y)a(the five) sensesindriya (167.2)id.
ingguasafoetida (plant)hiïgu (1298.1)id. [G. 139]
iramarhythmvirama (982.2)pause, ceasura (in verse)
istanapalaceàsthàna (161.2)place in the interior of a palace [G. 119]
istanggiincenseaùñàïga (117.1)consisting of eight parts [G. 95]
isteriwifestrã (1260.3)woman
istimewaspecialàstàm eva (159.3)thus be it! [G. 632]
jagaawake, guardjagarti (471.1)be awake, but via Prakrit, cf. Beng. jaga
jagabayavillage guardjaga (471.0)
bhaya (747.1)
be awake, but via Prakrit, cf. Beng. jaga +
fear, danger
jaksaprosecutoradhyaksa (23.1)superintendent
jalacasting netjala (419.3)id.
jambutree (Eugenia)jambu (412.2)id.
jampanapalanquinjampana (412.3)sedan chair
jampiincantationjapa (412.1)id. [G. 307]
jandawidowraõóa (? 864.2)id. [G. 277]
jantera(spinning) wheel, see s.v. jentera
jasaservicevyàsa (1035.2)
ya÷as (848.2)
abhyàsa (76.3)
diffusion etc. or
glory or
exertion MW4
jatayueaglejañàyu (409.2)name of vulture in the Ramayana
jatitree (Tectonia grandis)jàti (418.1)tree (Jasminum grandiflorum)
jatmikarespectfuladhyàtmika (23.2)internal, relating to the soul
jawaJava(nese)yavabarley, grain (via Prakrit java, id.) [MW]
jawarassorghumyavabarley, grain (via Prakrit java, id.) [MW]
jawawutfoxtail milletyavabarley, grain (via Prakrit java, id.) [MW]
jawi[traditional] Malayyavabarley, grain [MW] MW15
jayavictoriousjaya (412.3)victory
jelata commonjanatà ? (410.2)community 41
jelitalovelylalita (897.3)id.
jelmaincarnationjanma (411.3)birth
jenggaladesertjaïgala (409.3)jungle
jenitritree (Elaeocarpus Ganitrus)gaõitrikà ? (343.3)rosary
jentera(spinning) wheelyantra (845.3)instrument
jiwa(personal) souljãva (422.2)id.
ju(w)itasweetjãvita (423.2)life 42
jumantarafirmamentvyomàntara (1041.2)id.
jutamillionayuta (86.1)ten thousand
jutawanvery richayuta (86.1)ten thousand + -vant (poss. suffix)
k(e)satriawarrior, knightkùatriya (325.2)id.
kabayanvillage messengerbhaya ? (747.1)fear, danger 43
kabupatendistrict (under a bupati, q.v.)
kacaglass, pagekàca (268.2)glass
kacamataspectacleskàca (268.2)glass [Skr/--]
kacapurimain building of palacekàca (268.2)
påri (635.3)
glass +
palace
kalatime, deathkàla (278,1)id.
kalakianat that timekàla (278.1)time [Skr/--]
kalakininowkàla (278.1)time [Skr/--]
kalalampauin the pastkàla (278.1)time [Skr/--]
kalauifkàla (278.1)time [Skr/--]
kalitime(s)kàla (278.1)time [Skr/--]
kamalove, desirekàma (271.3)id.
kangsabrasskaüsa (241.1)id.; cf. OJ. gangsa
kantalens(sårya)kànta (1243.2)sun-crystal
kapascottonkarpàsa (258.1)id. [G. 60]
karena (kerana)becausekàraõa (274.2)cause
karmakarmakarma(n) (258.3)id.
karsaintentionàkarùa ? (127.3)attraction 44
kartikaPleiadeskçttikà (304.3)id.
karunia (kurnia)mercykàruõya (275.1)compassion
karyaachievementkàrya (276.1)duty, work; cf. kerja
kasaiointmentkaùàya (265.3)astringent, ointment
kasatmataconcretesaümata (1180.1)agreed
kasturimusk flower (k.o. hibiscus)kastårã (266.2)musk
katawordkathà (247.1)story
kawiliterary Javanesekavi (264.2)poet
kawulanegara(state) subjectnagara (525.1)state [--/Skr]
kecapiid. (a musical instrument)kacchapi (243.1)id.
kelahiquarrelkalaha (261.1)id.
kelesaindolentkle÷a (324.1)defilement
KelingIndiankàlinga (262.1)inhabitant of Kalinga, south Orissa, India MW5
keluargafamilykula (294.2)
varga (923.3)
family +
group 45
kemalabezoarkamala ? (252.1)lotus, pale-red [cf. G. 555]
kembojatree (Plumeria Acuminata)kamboja (274.1)id.
kencanagoldkà¤cana (268.2)id.
kendi (gendi)water-pitcherkuõóa (289.3)id.
kepalaheadkapàla (250.2)cup, skull
keramamisfortunekarma(n) (258.2)morally qualified act 46
keranabecause, see s.v. karena
kerandacoffinkaraõóa (254.2)basket, box
kerjawork (to be carried out)kàrya (276.1)id., duty
kesturisee s.v. kasturi
kesumaflowerkusuma (298.1)id. (cf. kusuma)
kesumbadark redkusumbha (298.2)safflower, saffron
ketia hundred thousandkoñi (312.3)ten million
ketikamoment, whenghañikà (375.3)hour (24 minutes)
ketolaplant (Luffa cylindrica)patola (579.2)id.
kianas much (many) askiyan(t) (283.3)how much?
kiranaraykiraõa (283.3)id.
kosastorehouseko÷a (314.1)id.
kosakatavocabularyko÷a (314.1)
kathà (247.1)
storehouse +
story
kotatownkoña (312.2)stronghold
*kotamadyamunicipalitykoña (312.2)
madhya (781.3)
stronghold +
middle
*kotaprajaboroughkoña (312.2)
prajà (658.2)
stronghold +
subjects
kridaaction, sportkrãóà (321.3)play
kromopolite languagekrama (319.3)order (via Javanese)
kuasapowerva÷a (929.2)id. [--/Skr] 47
*kulawangsaclan, dynastykula
vaü÷a ()
family
family, lineage, both via Javanese [MW]
kumbapotkumbha (293.1)id.
kuncikeyku¤cikà (287.3)id. 48
kungkumasaffronkuïkuma (287.3)id.
kusaelephant goadaïku÷a (7.2)id.
kustaleprosykuùñha (297.3)id.
kusumaflowerkusuma (298.1)id. (cf. kesuma)
labaprofitlàbha (897.1)id.
labugourdalabå (94.3)id. [G. 322]
laksaten thousandlakùa (891.3)id.
laksamanaadmirallakùmaõa (892.2)name of Rama's younger brother [G. 507]
latacreeperlatà (895.3)id.
*latabogaherbivorelatà (859.3)
bhoga (767.2)
creeper +
enjoyment
lawangcinnamonlavanga (898.3)clove 49
lelasmart, elegantlãlà (903.2)play 50
lena(sleep) soundlylãna (903.2)lying, vanished 51
lencanabadgelà¤cana (900.1)id.
lengkaraornamentalaükàra (94.2)id.
lepaplasterlepa (902.3)id.
linggalingga (symbol of Siva)liïga (901.2)id.
lobagreedylobha (905.1)greed
lokaworldloka (906.1)id.
*lokakaryaworking grouploka (906.1)
kàrya (276.1)
world +
task
lokawisatatourist objectloka (906.1)
pravàsita (591.2)
world +
sent abroad
maduhoney, co-wifemadhu (779.2)honey
madukarabeemadhukara (779.3)id.
madyaintermediarymadhya (781.2)middle
mahagreat (in compounds)mahà- (794.3)id.
mahadewasupreme god, ivamahàdeva (796.2)id.
mahadewisupreme goddessmahàdevã (796.2)id.
mahadutaambassadormahàdåta (796.2)id.
mahaesaall-mightymahà- (794.3)
ã÷a (71.1)
great +
lord
mahaguruprofessormahaguru (795.2)id. 52
mahakuasaall-mightymaha- (794.3)
kuasa ()
great +
[see above]
mahaluasvery widemahà- (794.3)great [Skr/--]
mahamulyahighly respectedmahà- (794.3)
målya (827.2)
great +
precious
maharajakingmahàràja (799.3)id.
maharajalelaragemahàràja (799.3)
lãlà (903.2)
king +
play
maharaniqueenmahàraj¤i (799.3)id.
*mahasiswa(male) studentmahà- (794.3)
÷iùya (1077.1)
great +
student
*mahasiswi(female) studentmaha- (794.3)
÷iùya (1077.1)
great +
student
*mahatahuomniscientmaha- (794.3)great [Skr/--]
*mahatinggivery highmahà- (794.3)great [Skr/--]
mahesabuffalomahiùa (803.1)id.
mahkotacrownmakuña (771.3)id. 53
makaraelephant-fishmakara (771.2)id.
malastain. dirtmala (792.1)id. 54
malabaumalodorousmala (792.1)stain [Skr/--]
malagizimalnutritionmala (792.1)
gi÷i ()
stain, dirt +
nutrition [Skr/Ar]
malakarsabad intentionmala (792.1)
karùa (259.3)
stain, dirt +
drawing
malakelolabad managementmala (792.1)stain [Skr/--]
malanasibbad fortunemala (792.1)
nasib ()
stain +
fate [Skr/Ar]
malapetakacalamitymala (792.1)
pàtaka (616.3)
stain, +
sin, calamity/
malatingkahbad-manneredmala (792.1)stain [Skr/--]
manakalawhenkàla (277.1)time [ --/Skr]
manasukavoluntarysukha (1220.1)pleasure [-Skr]
mancaforeignpaïca (575.3)five (cf. mancanegara) 55
mancanegaraforeign countrypaïca (575.3)
nagara (525.1)
five +
country
mandalazone, regionmaõóala (775.3)id.
mandalikaArtocarpus rigida (tree)maõóalika (806.3)id.
mandragunainvulnerablemandra (787.3)
guõa (357.1)
pleasant +
quality
mangkubuanaworld ruler [title of princes in Central Java]bhuvana (760.3)world [--/Skr]
mangkubumiworld ruler [name of princes in Central Java]bhåmi (763.1)earth [--/Skr]
mangsaseasonmàsa (805.1)month
mangsiinkmaùi (793.3)id.
manispermamaõi (774.3)jewel 56 MW6
manikbeadmaõijewel [MW] MW16
manikamjewelmaõi (774.3)id. [via Tam]
manteraspellmantra (785.3)id.
mantrisupervisormantrin (786.3)counsellor [cf. menteri]
manusiaman(kind)manusya (810.2)id.
maradangermàra (811.3)death
marabahayadangermàra (811.3)
bhaya (747.1)
death +
fear
margaroad, clan (Bat)màrga (812.2)road
*margasatwafaunamçga (828.2)
sattva (1135.2)
deer, animal +
creature MW7
masaperiodmàsa (814.3)month
masakinicontemporarymàsa (814.3)month [Skr/--]
matradimensionmàtra (804.3)measure
mayaillusionmàyà (811.1)id.
mayapadaimaginary worldmàyà (811.1)
pada (583.1)
illusion +
abode
megacloudmegha (831.2)id.
melakaPhyllanthos emblica (tree)malaka (813.3)name of various plants
melatijasminemàlàti (814.1)id.
menderaFicus benjamina (tree)mandara (787.3)Erythrina Indica
menteriministermantri(n) (786.3)counsellor [cf. mantri]
merajalelaravagemahàràja (799.3)
lãà (903.2)
king +
play
mercapadamortal worldmartya (791.1)
pada (583.1)
mortal +
abode
merdekafreemaharddhika (794.2)prosperous
merdusoft, melodiousmçdu (830.2)id.
merga-margawild animalmçgadeer, animal [MW] MW7
mericablack peppermarãca (790.1)id.
merpatipigeonparapati (620.3)id.
mesantombstonemahiùa (803.1)buffalo 57
mesramixedmi÷ra (817.3)id.
mestikabezoarsphañikà (1269.3)crystal
metaexcitedmatta (777.3)id.
minafishmãna (818.3)id.
mintinatwinsmithuna (816.3)id.
mitrafriendmitra (816.1)id.
motepearlmutya (822.2)id. 58
mukafrontmukha (819.3)id.
mulabeginningmåla (826.2)root, beginning
mulai(counting) frommåla (826.2)root, beginning [+ suffix -i]
mulianoble, excellencymålya (827.1)value
*murbaproletarianpårva (643.1)earlier
murkaangry (applied to a king)mårkha (823.3)fool
mut(t)ikapearlmuktikà (812.2)id. [via Prk]
mutesee s.v. mote
mutiasee s.v. mote
mutiarapearl stringmuktàhàra (821.2)id.
nadatonenàda (534.3)sound
nadipulsenàóã (534.2)artery
nagamythical cobranàga (532.3)id.
namanamenàma(n) (536.2)id.
*naradakwadefendantnara (528.3)man [Skr/Ar]
*narapidanadelinquentnara (528.3)
pãóana (629.2)
man +
paining
negarastatenagara (525.1)city, state
negericountrynagarã (525.1)id.
neracabalancenàràca (537.2)scale [G id.]
nerakahellnaraka (529.3)id.
nestapasorrowmanastàpa (784.1)anguish
niagatradevànijya (939.2)id. [via Prk]
nilaindigonãla (566.1)id.
nilakandiazure, sapphirenãla (566.1)
khanda (? 336.1)
black +
piece
nilamsapphirenãla (566.1)black [via Tam]
nirawaternãra (566.1)id.
nirairwithout waternir (539.2)without [Skr/--]
nirakalstupidnir (539.3)without [Skr/Ar]
nirartimeaninglessnirartha (539.3)id.
nirasatastelessnãrasa (543.3)id.
nirbangunamorphousnir- (539.2)without [Skr/--]
nirbhayafearlessnirbhaya (541.2)id.
nirbhwawithout airnir- (539.2)without [Skr/--]
nirlarasdiscordantnir- (539.2)without [Skr/--]
nirmalapurenirmala (641.3)pure
nirwanaid.nirvàõa (557.3)id.
nirwarnacolourlessnir (539.2)
varõa (924.2)
without +
colour
niscayacertainlyni÷caya (561.2)id.
niskalasubtleniùkala (542.3)undivided 61
nistavilekaniùñha (248.3)lowest 62
nuragasympathyanuràga (37.2)id.
nurbisaantidoteviùa (995.2)poison [ --/Skr]
NusantaraIndonesiaantara (43.3)interior [--/Skr] MW8
nyanasupposej¤àna (426.1)knowledge
nyatareal, clear, evidentniyata (552.1)certain
*olahragasportràga (872.1)delight [--/Skr] MW9
*p(em)irsaviewer (TV)prekùà (605.3)examination
pabilawhen, see s.v. apabila
padaat, topàda (617.1)foot 63
padamlotuspadma (584.2)red lotus
padmalotuspadma (584.2)red lotus
paduka(Your) Majestypàduka (618.1)sandal 64
pahalaawardphala (716.2)fruit
pakmaRafflesia (flower)pakùma(n) (?574.2)eyelashes 65
paksaforcepakùa (573.2)wing etc. [G. 556]
paksibirdpakùi(n) (574.2)id.
paksinanorthdakùiõa (? 465.2)south [G. 531] 66
Pakubuanatitle of kings in Central Javabhuvana (760.3)world [--/Skr.]
palanutmegphala (716.2)fruit
palawijasecond cropphala (716.2)
bãja (732.2)
fruit +
seed [Skr/Skr]
pancafivepa¤ca (575.3)id.
*pancadarmafive dutiespa¤ca (575.3)
dharma (510.3)
five +
duty
pancaindriathe five sensespa¤cendriya (578.2)id.
pancakacrematoriumma¤caka (773.3)platform
*pancakembarquintupletspa¤ca (575.3)five [Skr/--]
*pancalogamalloypa¤ca (575.3)five [Skr/Tam]
*pancalombapentathlonpa¤ca (575.3)five [Skr/--]
pancapersadaestradapa¤ca (575.3)
pràsàda (709.3)
five +
platform
pancaragamdiversepa¤ca (575.3)five [Skr/Tam]
pancarangkapfivefoldpa¤ca (575.3)five [Skr/--]
pancarobachangeablepa¤ca (575.3)five [Skr/--] ?
Pancasilaid.pa¤ca÷ãla (577.3)five rules of behaviour (in Buddhism) MW10
pancawarnamulti-colouredpa¤cavarõa (557.2)five-coloured
pancawarsaquinquenniumpa¤cavarùa (577.2)id.
pandaicleverpaõóita (580.3)learned [via Prakrit] 67
pangestubenedictionastu (122.2)thus be it!
paniterasecretarycitra (396.2)picture, mode of writing 68
*panitiacommitteenitya (547.2)constant 69
papamiserablepàpa (618.2)bad, wicked
*paramasastragrammarparama (588.1)
ֈstra (1069.1)
highest +
manual
paripurnacompleteparipårõa (597.2)id.
*pariwaraadvertisementparihara (601.2)cover 70
*pariwisatatourismpravasita (591.2)sent abroad 71
pasamuanreunionsamåha (1170.3)collection [--/Skr/--]
pasebanaudience hallsevà (1247.1)dwell [ --/Skr/--] 72
pawakafirepàvaka (623.2)id.
pawanawindpavana (623.2)id.
pedatiox-cartpadàti (584.1)foot-soldier -G. 575]
pelanasaddlepalyàõa (610.2)id.
peliharalook afterparihara (605.1)immunity
pencurithiefcora (400.3)id. --/Skr]
pendekarwrestler, 75
pendetavicarpaõóita (580.3)scholar
pendopoopen hallmandapa (775.3)id. [via Jav.]
penjarajailpa¤jara (575.2)cage
peradagold or silver foilpàrada (620.2)quicksilver
perbanihigh tideparva(n) (609.2)phases of the moon 76
perbawaauthorityprabhàva (684.2)id.
percayatrustpratyaya (673.2)id.
perdanaprime ministerpradhàna (680.3)principal
perdatacivil (law)pradatta (? 693)offered 77
peribahasaproverbparibhàùà (598.1)rule, maxim
periksaexamineparãkùà (605.3)examination
*peristiwaeventprastàva (699.1)occasion
perkaraaffairperkàra (653.3)manner
perkasacourageousprakà÷a (653.1)bright
perkosarape, see s.v. kuasa with prefix per- (via Jav.?)
perlinadisappearedpralãna (690.1)id.
permaisuriqueenparame÷varã (588.3)id.
permanaquantitypramàõa (685.3)measure
persadagardenpràsàda (709.3)platform 78
pertamafirstprathama (678.3)id.
pertiwiearthpçthivã (647.1)id.
perwirabrave, officerpravãra (693.1)hero
pesanggrahanresthousesaügraha (1129.2)assembling [--/Skr/--]
pestakabook of propheciespustaka (640.3)book
petamappaña (579.1)cloth
petakamisfortunepàtaka (616.3)crime, sin
petalalayerpàtàla (616.3)(the seven strata of) hell
petolasilk sashpañola (579.2)kind of cloth
piaralook after, see s.v. pelihara
pidanapenal (law)pãóana (629.2)oppression
*pirsawanviewer (TV)prekùà (605.3)examination + Sanskrit suffix -v n (-vant)
pitayatrustpratyaya (673.3)id.
pra-prior, pre-pra- (652.2)id.
prabukingprabhu (652.2)id.
praharatornadoprahàra (701.2)stroke, blow
prajaarea of jurisdictionpraja (658.2)subjects of a king or a state
prakarsainitiativeprà
harùa ()
pre- +
joy [MW] MW17
prakataforewardprà
kathà ()
pre- +
story [MW] MW17
prameswariqueen, see permaisuri
*pramuniagasaleswomanbanyàga (639.2)trader [--/Skr]
*pramuwisataguide, see wisata [--/Skr]
prasangkaprejudicepra- (652.2)
÷aïkà (1047.1)
pre- +
care, suspicion
prasasticharterprasasti (695.1)eulogy
prawacanaprefacepravacana (690.2)announcement MW11
priagentlemanpriya (710.1)dear
*pribumiindigenousbhumi (763.1)land [--/Skr]
puasafastupavàsa (206.3)id. [via Prk]
pujaworshippuja (641.1)id.
pujangga(trad.) scholarbhujaïga (? 759.2)snake 79
pujiworshippuja (641.1)worship 80
pulasarilianephala (? 716.2)
sàra (1208.1)
fruit +
essence [G. 328]
punggawacommanderpuügava (630.3)chief
puracity, kratonpura (635.2)city
purbaformerpårva (643.1)id.
purbakalaancient timepårvakàla (643.1)id.
*purbasangkaprejudicepårva (643.1)
÷aïkà (1047.1)
earlier +
suspicion
puripalacepurã (635.3)city {8l}
purnamafull moonpårõamà (642.2)id.
*purnawirawanveteranpårõa (642.1)
vãra (1005.2)
full +
hero + Skr suffix Z-vanZ (-vant)
purwaformerpårva (643.1)id. 82
purwakantiassonancepårva (643.1)
kànti (270.3)
former +
charm
puspaflowerpuùpa (639.2)id.
pusparagammulti-colouredpuùpa (639.2)
raga (872.1)
flower+
colour 83
pustakabookpustaka (640.3)id.
putra sonputra (632.3)id.
putridaughterputrã (632.3)id.
ragabodyràgacolor (red), passion [MW] MW9
ragamkind, colourràga (872.1)id. [via Tam] 83
rahasiasecretrahasya (871.2)id.
rajakingràj a(n) (872.3)id.
rajaberanatreasureràjàbharaõa (874.3)id.
rajakuladynastyràjakula (872.3)id.
rajalelarageràja(n) (872.3)
lãlà (903.2)
king +
play 84
rajawalisparrow-hawkrajjuvàla (861.1)kind of wildfowl [G. 146 & 441]
raksamercuryrasa (869.3)id.
raksasagiant, demonràkùasa (871.3)id.
raksiperfumerasa (? 869.3)flavour
ranasufferingmaraïa (? 789.3)death
randawidowranda (864.2)cripple, widow
raniqueenraj¤i (875.1)id. [via Prk]
rasataste, feelingrasa (869.3)id.
rasamalaAltingia excelsarasamala (?870.1)refuse of (tree) juices
rasiconstellationrà÷i (879.1)sign of the zodiac
rasiandreamrà÷i (879.1)sign of the zodiac [G. 151]
ratnajewelratna (854.2)id.
rejasatinràjasa (563.2)? id. [G. 328]
rekafictionrekhà (887.1)line 85
rencanaplanracana (860.3)id.
renjanadesirera¤jana (863.3)charming
resisagerùã (226.3)id.
restublessingsiddhir astu (1216.2)there be success!
romaeiderdownroma(n) (889.3)body hair
ronacolour, expressionvarõa (924.2)id.
rugilossroga (888.3)disease
rupaformråpa (885.3)id.
rupiahguilderråpya (886.3)well-shaped, stamped
rusakbroken, spoiledråkùa ?coarse, dirty [MW] MW18
sa-with (prefix)sa- (1111.2)id. 87
sabdasound, word÷abda (1052.2)id.
sadayaall samudaya (1167.2)aggregate [G. 618]
sahajanaturalsahaja (1193.3)id. [cf. saja]
sahayaservantsahàya (1195.1)companion [cf. saya]
sajaonlysahaja (1193.3)natural [G. 390]
saka 1pillar÷àkhà (1062.3)branch 86
saka 2aka era÷aka (1061.3)id.
saksamaaccuratesa- (1111.2)
kùama (326.2)
with (prefix)
patience
saksiwitnesssaksi(n) (1198.1)id.
saktipower÷akti (1044.2)id.
samaequalsama (1152.1)id.
samaptareadysamàpta (1161.1)concluded 88
samiequallysama (1152.1)equal 89
samudraoceansamudra (1166.3)id.
sandisecret codesamdhi (1144.3)id.
sandiwaratheatresaümdhi ? (1144.3)+ ? 90
sanggasupportsaïga (1132.3)attachment
sanggamarahooksaïga (1132.3)attachment + ?
sangkasuppose÷aïkà (1047.1)doubt, fear
sangkakalaconch÷ankha (1047.2)
kàla (? 277.1)
conch +
time 91
sangkalatime÷akakàla (1061.1)date (in the Saka era)
sangsidoubtsaü÷aya (1117.3)id.
sangskertaSanskritsaüskçta (1120.3)id.
santripupil (of a Muslim college)ֈstri(n) (1069.3)scholar [G. 362 f.]
saptasevensapta (1149.2)id.
*saptadarmaseven dutiessapta (1149.2)
dharma (510.3)
seven +
duty
*saptamargasoldier's oathsapta (1149.2)
màrga (812.2)
seven +
road
sariessencesàra (1208.1)core, essence [G. 89 f.]
saripatiessencesàra (1208.1)
pati ? (582.1)
essence +
master
sarjanascholar, M.A.sajjana (1135.1)virtuous or wise man [G. 319]
sasakalalegend÷akakàla (1045.3)Saka era [G. 366] 92
sasianpupil÷iùya (1077.1)id. [G. 483]
sasmitasignalsasmita (1192.2)smiling [G. 542]
satowild animalsattva (1135.2)creature
satriaknightkùatriya (325.2)warrior
satronact in a hostile manner÷atru (1051.1)enemy [via Jav. (suffix -an)]
satruenemy÷atru (1051.1)id.
*satyalancanamedal for loyaltysatya (1135.3)
là¤chana (900.1)
true +
mark, token
saudarabrothersodara (1248.3)(half-)brother (same mother)
sayaI (polite)sahàya (1195.1)companion, assistant
sayembaracompetitionsvayaüvara (1278.2)choice by a girl of her future husband (often after a competition between suitors)
sebaappear before the kingsevà (1247.1)service
sederhanasimplesàdhàraõa (1202.2)common
sediareadysajja (1131.2)prepared [cf. G. 156, who rightly assumed influence from Skr. ZsadhyaZ]
sediakalaformerlysajja ? (1131.2)
kàla (277.1)
prepared +
time 93
segalawhole, allsakala (1124.2)id. [via Tam., cf. G. 162].
segaroceansàgara (1198.2)id.
segeraquick֋ghra (1077.2)id.
sejahteraprosperoussàdhya (? 1202.1)celestial beings 94
sekalionce, verysakala (? 1124.2)once [G. 486] 95
selendroa musical scale÷ailendra (1090.1)name of a Javanese dynasty 96
selenggaraorganizesàlaükàra (?1210.3)adorned 97
selesmaflu÷leùma(n) (1104.2)mucus [G. 157]
selirabody÷arãra (1057.3)id.
selokaverse÷loka (1104.3)id.
semadimeditationsamàdhi (1159.3)id.
semajain factsamaya (? 1164.1)agreement 98
semaja(-mata)onlysamatà (? 1152.2)equality [G. 489]
semasaduringmàsa (814.3)month, time [--/Skr.]
sembadastrongly builtsaübaddha (1177.3)joined [G. 570]
sembrononegligentsaübrahama (1179.3)haste, confusion [via Jav.; G. 320]
sementaratemporarysamanantara (1154.2)just following [G. 140]
semestaallsamasta (1158.1)id.
sempannaperfectsampanna (1172.1)id.
sempurnaperfectsampårõa (1173.2)id.
semuaallsamåha (1170.3)multitude
semuka(someone with) the same facemukha (819.3)face [--/Skr]
semulaoriginalmåla (826.2)root
senantiasaalwaysnitya÷as (547.3)id. [--/Skr]
senapatiarmy commandersenàpati (1246.3)id.
sendawasaltpetersaindhava (1248.3)rock salt
sendijoint, sinewsandhi (1144.3)id.
senggamacoitionsaügama (1128.3)id.
sengkalasee sangkala
sengkelafoot fetters÷çïkhala (1087.1)fetters [via Prk, G. 94 f.]
sengketaconflictsaüketa (1126.3)id.
sengsaramiserysaüsàra (1119.2)transmigration
senjasunsetsàüdhya (1145.2)id.
senjataweaponsaüyatta (1111.3)come into conflict [G. 523]
sentanaroyal descendantsaütana (1142.1)descendant
sentosatranquilsaütoùa (1142.2)satisfaction
seragamuniformràga (872.1)colour [via Tam] 99
seranggainsectsàraïga (? 1208.3)variegated 100
serapahmaledictionֈpa (1065.1)curse [via Prk? G. 123]
serasiharmoniousrà÷i (879.1)heap [--/Skr; G. 151]
seraticornacsàrathi (1208.3)charioteer
serayawhikeà÷raya (158.2)support [G. 123]
serba